DMS 3824
Clinical
Practicum II
Department of
Radiologic Technology
Diagnostic
Medical Sonography
8 Semester
Credits
500 Clinical
Hours
Terry J. DuBose, M.S., RDMS,
ED South
Room-204
501-686-6510
Anthony L.
Baker, M.Ed., RDMS, RVT, CNMT
ED South
Room-216
501-686-6510
"The materials used in this
course may include copyright protected materials provided for the personal
educational use of the enrolled students and may not be further
redistributed."
1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Catalog Description
Continuation of clinical course work at the skilled level. Prerequisite: DMS3541.
A
practical application of course work presented in the classroom. Students are assigned educational experiences
in clinical sonographic imaging.
1.2 Course Rationale
A
sonographer must develop psychomotor and affective learning experiences in
practical sonographic scanning in a clinical setting in order to develop competency
in this diagnostic modality. Clinical
assignments are structured to give the student a broad variety of sonographic
observations and scanning experiences under the supervision of practicing
sonographers and physicians. The student
will be expected to participate in all aspects of the sonographic examinations
as delineated by the clinical site’s protocol.
The sonographer must be able to prepare the patient for the examination,
obtain the patient’s medical history, select the appropriate equipment, follow
the established examination protocols, record diagnostic images, discuss the
case with the supervising physician, and understand the medical record filing
system of the clinic. During this course the student is expected to perform
complete, basic examinations; including the biliary system, hepatic, renal,
aorta & IVC, splenic, pancreatic, pelvic, and obstetric examinations.
1.3 General Course Objectives
Upon completion of this course the student will be able to:
A. Demonstrate
knowledge and understanding of related imaging, laboratory, and testing
procedures as they contribute to the clinical evaluation of anatomy and
pathology to include: patient medical history and physical examination,
differential diagnosis, diagnostic protocols, basic principles and procedures
of pertinent protocols, and the role of sonography in patient management.
B. Apply effective
oral and written communications skills using appropriate medical terminology.
C. Demonstrate an
understanding of acoustic physics and the analysis of sonographic artifacts as
they relate to sonographic equipment, patient care, and pathology.
D. Demonstrate
knowledge of ultrasound instrumentation, biological effects, instrument
options, operator controls, principles of instrument control, and modes of
operation.
E. Understand and
apply appropriate procedures in patient transportation, standards of care,
personal health, psychological support, patient rights, and patient comfort.
F. Display an
acceptable level of professional judgment, discretion, professional interaction
skills, and ethical performance of duties.
G. Exhibit an
understanding of medicolegal principles associated with patient care.
H. Perform complete
sonographic examinations of the following organs: liver, gallbladder, biliary
system, left & right kidneys, pelvis (non-gravid), pancreas, spleen,
abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, ovaries, placenta, amniotic fluid,
umbilical cord, and fetal anatomy (fetal head, spine, abdomen, heart, femur
& humerus; with measurements).
2.0 INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGY
2.1 General Techniques
The
following general teaching techniques will be used during this course:
A. Demonstration and observation
B. Discussion
C. Practice
D.
Assigned readings from professional journals and textbooks may be
required.
2.2 Resource-Based Techniques
Active
participation, observation, and scanning using standard sonographic equipment
in the assigned clinic. Film portfolios
will be developed by the student to document their progress and to provide
images for self-study.
3.0 INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS/SUPPLIES
3.1 References -- Print Materials
The following print materials relate to this course. Note that the item marked by an asterisk (*)
is required for use during this course.
A. *DIAGNOSTIC
MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY: A Guide to Clinical Practice; Volume 1: Obstetrics and Gynecology. Berman, MC;
J. B. Lippincott Company,
B. *DIAGNOSTIC
MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY: A Guide to Clinical Practice; Volume 2: Abdomen &
Superficial Structures. Kawamura,
DM; J. B. Lippincott Company,
C.
*
Ultrasonography: An Introduction to
D.
*FETAL
SONOGRAPHY. DuBose, TJ. W. B. Saunders,
E.
*ULTRASOUND
EXAMINATION GUIDELINES. Society of
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers.
F. INTRODUCTION
to ULTRASONOGRAPHY and PATIENT CARE: Craig, M.
W. B. Saunders, 1993; ISBN:
0-7216-4229-2. Available at the
Department of Radiologic Technology
Library.
4.0 GENERAL EVALUATION PROCEDURES
4.1 Student Evaluation Procedures
A. Students will be
evaluated at the end of each rotation by a Clinical Instructor at the clinic(s)
to which the student is assigned. All
evaluations will be averaged for the Clinical Evaluation grade.
B. Student image
portfolios will include student-generated images described on pages 9 and
10. These images must demonstrate
appropriate planes of view, content, labels, and quality in order to receive
proper credit. Additional images, as
recommended by the Clinical Instructor(s), should also be included. The portfolio will be turned in for
evaluation at the end of each semester.
C. A written final
examination covering the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (SDMS)
Ultrasound Examination Guidelines for the performance of abdominal, gynecological,
and obstetrical examinations, daily sonographic laboratory start-up, operation,
and shutdown, as well as patient care will be administered at the end of the
last clinical rotation.
D. Film critique will be part of the final examination. This will evaluate the student’s ability to recognize sonographic abdominal, gynecological, and obstetrical anatomy and pathology.
E. A record of each
case observed or participated in will be maintained by the student. Students are expected to participate in a minimum of 250 cases during
the Spring 2005 semester. The
Case Number grades will be based on the following scale:
< 175
cases = 0
points
175 - 224
cases = 30 points
225 - 249
cases = 65 points
250 - 275
cases = 75 points
276 - 300
cases = 84 points
301-325
cases = 93 points
> 325
cases = 100 points
F. The letter grade
for this course will be calculated as follows:
Clinical
Evaluation 25%
Case
Numbers 30%
Final
Exam/Film Critique 35%
Image
Portfolio 10%
100%
G. The scale for determining letter grades in
this course is as
follows:
A 100 – 93 %
B 92 – 84 %
C 83 – 75 %
D 74 – 66 %
F 65 – 0 %
4.2 Clinical
Evaluation Procedures
Students
will evaluate the Clinics using the Clinical Rotation Evaluation form.
4.3 Performance: Lab, Clinic, and Portfolio Evaluation
The
student's performance will be evaluated at the end of each clinical rotation by
the Clinical Instructor(s) using the CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR’S EVALUATION OF THE
STUDENT form. These evaluations will
cover the objectives for this course, including: equipment start-up and
shut-down, transducer selection, routine cleaning and care of equipment,
patient care, medical history, medical records, sonographic examination
protocols, and student interactions with the patients and clinical staff. Each clinic will have varying equipment, exam
protocols, medical record procedures, and other unique conventions which the
student will be expected to master during a given rotation.
During
the Spring semester the student will be expected to competently perform the
following examinations according to the Society of Diagnostic Medical
Sonographers (SDMS) Ultrasound Examination Guidelines. Independent performance will be verified by
the respective clinical instructors and documented on the Student Competency
Evaluation forms.
A. Hepatic
B. Biliary System
C. Pancreas
D. Kidneys
E. Spleen
F. Aorta & Inferior Vena Cava
G. Pelvis (non-pregnant) Transabdominal &
Transvaginal
H. Obstetrical
4.4 Make up of
Clinical Hours
A. The student
may request to arrange a make up of clinical hours after the student’s return
to the department.
B. Outline of
steps to be taken regarding the make up of clinical hours:
I. Notify the
Clinical Instructor and the Program Director that you will be unable to be in
clinic on the scheduled day.
II. Contact the
Clinical Instructor to schedule the make up hours.
III. Agree on a time for the make up clinical
hours.
IV. Attend the make-up clinic as agreed.
V. Students who
schedule a make up day and then miss that day
will have to make up two days.
5.0 GENERAL PROCEDURES
A. Students are expected to participate in
the clinic under the supervision of the
Clinical Instructor(s).
B. The student
may request a student/instructor conference concerning any clinical rotation,
etc. by contacting the Diagnostic Medical Sonography Program Director and
requesting an appointment. These
conferences should be scheduled for your benefit since the Clinical Instructors
are here to help.
C. Any contested
clinical evaluation must be resolved within two weeks after the return of the
graded item to the student. After this
time, all grades are final.
6.0 CLINIC ATTENDANCE/CONDUCT/DRESS POLICY
6.1 General Remarks
Students
should attend every clinical session. Students who miss more than 16 clinical
hours will be required to make up the missed hours. Failure to make up the missed clinical time
will result in a grade of Incomplete (I) for the semester. Be
aware that a grade of Incomplete can have negative effects on your financial
aid! If unable to attend a clinical session, common
courtesy dictates that the Clinical Instructor and Diagnostic Medical
Sonography Program Director receive prior notification of the impending
absence. If a student is not present in clinic at the appropriate times, and
does not notify both the Clinical Site and the DMS Program office PRIOR TO the
program faculty’s discovery of the absence, an automatic five (5) points will
be deducted from the final Clinical Practicum grade for each occurrence. Please
refer to the Student Handbook for specifics concerning student absences.
6.2 Clinical Absences and Tardiness Grading
Effects
Dependability
and promptness are essential to effective clinical work; therefore tardiness and absences will affect your clinical evaluations
and your grade. Excessive clinical
absences will also lower the number of cases a student observes. The student should be aware that Clinical Affiliates
are also potential employers of graduates.
Work habits will be closely observed in the clinical settings.
6.3 Conduct/Dress
Student
conduct and dress should reflect an awareness of the student’s role as an
aspiring health care professional and as a representative of the Diagnostic
Medical Sonography Program of the Department of Radiologic Technology. Please refer to the Student Handbook for
specifics concerning dress and conduct.
7.0 DUE DATES/DEADLINES
All
clinical paperwork will be due the week following completion of that clinical
rotation. Portfolios will be due to the Diagnostic Medical Sonography Program
Director the next class day after the end of a Clinical Practicum.
The clinical Final Examination will be administered during Finals Week: TBA
8.0 SESSION SCHEDULE
8.1 General Remarks
Clinical session schedules will be distributed by the DMS Program faculty, also see: DMS Clinical Records Web Pages
DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY
Clinical Image Portfolios
I.
Students will assemble a portfolio, consisting
of 94 pictures, of their ultrasound images taken during the first three
Clinical Practicums of the DMS program.
The portfolios are required for graduation from the
II. Each portfolio will consist of longitudinal and transverse images of the following anatomy:
1. Abdomen:
A. Liver (Right & Left Lobes) E. Pancreas
B. Gallbladder F. Spleen
C. Common Bile Duct G. Aorta
D. Right & Left Kidneys H. Inferior Vena Cava
2.
Gynecology
(Transabdominal & Transvaginal):
A.
Non-gravid
Uterus D. Right & Left Ovaries
B.
Cervix
C.
Endometrium
3.
Obstetrics
A.
First
Trimester Pregnancy
1.
Gravid Uterus 5.
Yolk Sac
2. Cervix 6.
Crown-Rump Length
3.
Right & Left Ovaries 7.
Gestational Sac Diameter
4. Gestational Sac
8. Embryonic Heart Rate
B. Second and Third Trimester Pregnancy
1.
Uterine Fundus 11.
Cerebellum
2.
Cervix 12.
Cisterna Magnum
3.
Placenta
13.
Right & Left Kidneys
4.
Four-Quadrant
Amniotic Fluid 14.
Complete Spine
5.
Biparietal
Diameter 15. Umbilical Cord Insertion
6.
Transverse
Head Circumference 16. Face & Lips
7.
Coronal Head
Circumference 17.
Coronal Trunk (Heart,
8.
Abdominal
Circumference (Stomach, Bladder)
9.
Femur Length 18.
Hands & Feet
10.
Humerus Length 19.
Size/Age Report Sheet
4. Superficial Parts
A.
Thyroid (Right
& Left Lobes, Isthmus)
B.
Scrotum (Right
& Left Testicles, Right & Left Epididymides)
C.
Breast (Right
& Left)
III.
Images to be
used for the portfolio must be of actual patients scanned in the clinics. The images will be clearly labeled and stored
in a film jacket that has the student’s name printed on the outside and a
numbered list of images the student wants to submit for grading. In order to keep the clinical site’s film
costs at a reasonable level, please put as many images as possible on one sheet
of film.
IV.
At the end of
the Fall 2004 semester students will have a minimum of 30% of the portfolio
completed. These images may be of the
abdomen, pelvis,
V. Students will
be scheduled to attend a variety of clinical sites during their time in the DMS
program. This will ensure everyone gets
exposure to the various ultrasound protocols needed to build their image
portfolios.